如何在Debian,Ubuntu或Linux Mint中从命令行查找可用软件包 [APT]
有几种方法可以从命令行搜索可用于Debian,Ubuntu或Linux Mint的软件包。在本文中, apt
, apt-cache
和 aptitude
。使用它来查找软件包名称和软件包描述。如果您正在寻找特定的程序包,但不知道确切的程序包名称,或者需要用于特定目的/任务的工具,则知道可用的选项。
使用上的主要差异 apt
, apt-cache
和 aptitude
如下面的示例所示,搜索可用软件包的是输出和排序顺序。还有 aptitude
默认情况下,它可能未安装在基于Debian的Linux发行版上。
我个人喜欢 apt-cache
输出是可读的(通常不需要其他信息,以查看可用的已安装/可用版本) apt-cache policy package-name
另外,您要寻找的结果往往会出现在顶部附近。
另一个警告是 apt
和 apt-cache
搜索apt软件包缓存,以返回存储库中可用的软件包和手动安装的DEB软件包(存储库中不可用)。 aptitude
仅返回存储库中可用的软件包。使用aptitude搜索可用的软件包aptitude
基于Ncurses的前端 apt
。通常,默认情况下未安装此工具,但是您可以使用以下命令将其安装在Debian,Ubuntu,Linux Mint和其他基于Debian的Linux发行版上:
sudo apt install aptitude
您可以使用aptitude从命令行中搜索软件包,如下所示:
aptitude search KEYWORD
范例:
$ aptitude search openssh
p libconfig-model-openssh-perl - configuration editor for OpenSsh
p libghc-crypto-pubkey-openssh-dev - OpenSSH key codec
p libghc-crypto-pubkey-openssh-dev:i386 - OpenSSH key codec
v libghc-crypto-pubkey-openssh-dev-0.2.7-6af0a -
v libghc-crypto-pubkey-openssh-dev-0.2.7-6af0a:i386 -
p libghc-crypto-pubkey-openssh-doc - OpenSSH key codec; documentation
p libghc-crypto-pubkey-openssh-prof - OpenSSH key codec; profiling libraries
p libghc-crypto-pubkey-openssh-prof:i386 - OpenSSH key codec; profiling libraries
v libghc-crypto-pubkey-openssh-prof-0.2.7-6af0a -
v libghc-crypto-pubkey-openssh-prof-0.2.7-6af0a:i386 -
p libnet-openssh-compat-perl - collection of compatibility modules for Net::OpenSSH
p libnet-openssh-parallel-perl - run SSH jobs in parallel
p libnet-openssh-perl - Perl SSH client package implemented on top of OpenSSH
p lxqt-openssh-askpass - OpenSSH user/password GUI dialog for LXQt
p lxqt-openssh-askpass:i386 - OpenSSH user/password GUI dialog for LXQt
p lxqt-openssh-askpass-l10n - Language package for lxqt-openssh-askpass
v lxqt-openssh-askpass-l10n:i386 -
i openssh-client - secure shell (SSH) client, for secure access to remote machines
p openssh-client:i386 - secure shell (SSH) client, for secure access to remote machines
p openssh-client-ssh1 - secure shell (SSH) client for legacy SSH1 protocol
p openssh-client-ssh1:i386 - secure shell (SSH) client for legacy SSH1 protocol
p openssh-known-hosts - download, filter and merge known_hosts for OpenSSH
p openssh-server - secure shell (SSH) server, for secure access from remote machines
p openssh-server:i386 - secure shell (SSH) server, for secure access from remote machines
p openssh-sftp-server - secure shell (SSH) sftp server module, for SFTP access from remote machines
p openssh-sftp-server:i386 - secure shell (SSH) sftp server module, for SFTP access from remote machines
如果需要,您还可以使用aptitude Ncurses UI。型式 aptitude
开始使用:
按下搜索包裹 /
接下来,开始输入关键字。搜索可用的软件包 apt-cache
使用方法 apt-cache
要在Debian,Ubuntu或Linux Mint存储库中搜索可用的软件包(以及存储库中未安装的DEB软件包),如下所示:
apt-cache search KEYWORD
范例:
$ apt-cache search openssh
openssh-client - secure shell (SSH) client, for secure access to remote machines
openssh-server - secure shell (SSH) server, for secure access from remote machines
openssh-sftp-server - secure shell (SSH) sftp server module, for SFTP access from remote machines
python-setproctitle - Setproctitle implementation for Python 2
python3-setproctitle - Setproctitle implementation for Python 3
ssh - secure shell client and server (metapackage)
agent-transfer - copy a secret key from GnuPG's gpg-agent to OpenSSH's ssh-agent
...
ssh-askpass-gnome - interactive X program to prompt users for a passphrase for ssh-add
ssh-audit - tool for ssh server auditing
sshpass - Non-interactive ssh password authentication
一些输出已删除,因为它可能很长。但是,显示结果的顺序没有改变。搜索可用的软件包 apt
使用 apt
您可以从命令行搜索可用的软件包,如下所示:
apt search KEYWORD
用您的搜索词替换“关键字”(您可以在多个关键字中加上引号)。
以下是“ openssh”及其输出的搜索示例。
$ apt search openssh
Sorting... Done
Full Text Search... Done
agent-transfer/bionic 0.41-1ubuntu1 amd64
copy a secret key from GnuPG's gpg-agent to OpenSSH's ssh-agent
cme/bionic,bionic 1.026-1 all
Check or edit configuration data with Config::Model
connect-proxy/bionic 1.105-1 amd64
Establish TCP connection using SOCKS4/5 or HTTP tunnel
...
openssh-client/bionic,now 1:7.6p1-4 amd64 [installed]
secure shell (SSH) client, for secure access to remote machines
openssh-client-ssh1/bionic 1:7.5p1-10 amd64
secure shell (SSH) client for legacy SSH1 protocol
openssh-known-hosts/bionic,bionic 0.6.2-1 all
download, filter and merge known_hosts for OpenSSH
openssh-server/bionic 1:7.6p1-4 amd64
secure shell (SSH) server, for secure access from remote machines
openssh-sftp-server/bionic 1:7.6p1-4 amd64
secure shell (SSH) sftp server module, for SFTP access from remote machines
putty-tools/bionic 0.70-4 amd64
command-line tools for SSH, SCP, and SFTP
python-scp/bionic,bionic 0.10.2-1 all
scp module for paramiko
同样,结果列表很长,以至于某些结果已被删除。但是,结果的顺序没有改变。
对于这三个而言,搜索结果可能会很长。在这种情况下,您可以运行它们 more
为了提高可读性,如下:
apt-cache search KEYWORD | more
您还可以排除不包含特定关键字的结果(在此示例中为KEYWORD2) grep
:
apt-cache search KEYWORD | grep KEYWORD2
grep
默认值区分大小写。新增 -i
(grep -i KEYWORD2
忽略大小写。